Ann Surg Case Rep | Volume 7, Issue 2 | Case Report | Open Access

Extrauterine Leiomyomatosis Peritonealis Disseminata: A Malignant Mimicker of Benign Disease

Snehitha B¹, Niraj Kumar S^1*, Sunita S², Amritanshu¹ and Shruti G³

¹Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India ²Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India ³Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India

^*Correspondance to: Niraj Kumar Srivastava 

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Abstract

Leiomyomatosis Peritonealis Disseminata (LPD), a form of extrauterine leiomyomatosis, is characterized by multiple subperitoneal benign nodules of smooth muscle origin. It is shown to be associated with conditions of excess gonadal steroids and hence, is most common in women of reproductive age group. However, cases of LPD have also been reported in postmenopausal women and men. LPD is a benign disease but mimics malignancy by its alarming appearance at surgery or radiological imaging. A high degree of clinical suspicion is thus warranted, to avoid radical surgeries in these patients. The majority of the cases of LPD are asymptomatic and detected incidentally while others present with symptoms like abdominal pain, menstrual irregularities, and palpable lump. No clear treatment guidelines have been established so far for LPD management, but currently available options include surgery, hormone therapy, and in some instances chemotherapy. LPD has been shown to recur. It also has a potential for malignant transformation. These patients need to be kept under observation with regular follow-ups. Other forms of extrauterine leiomyomatosis that have been reported in the literature are Parasitic Myoma (PM), Intravenous Leiomyomatosis (IVL), and Benign Metastasizing Leiomyomatosis (BML). Here, we described a rare case of multiple subperitoneal nodules in a young woman.

Keywords:

Aromatase inhibitors; Benign; BML; Endometriosis; Extrauterine leiomyomatosis; GnRH agonists; Leiomyoma; Laparoscopic myomectomy; LPD; Malignant transformation; Parasitic myoma; Morcellation; Recurrent leiomyomas; SERM; Smooth muscle tumor; SPRM; Subperitoneal nodules; tamoxifen

Citation:

Snehitha B, Niraj Kumar S, Sunita S, Amritanshu and Shruti G. Extrauterine Leiomyomatosis Peritonealis Disseminata: A Malignant Mimicker of Benign Disease. Ann Surg Case Rep. 2024; 7(2): 1091.