Ann Pediatr Res | Volume 9, Issue 1 | Research Article | Open Access
Parish A1,2*, Garcia JF1 , Reid MW1 , Warus J1,2, Miyazaki B1,3 and Raymond JK1,3
Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
*Correspondance to: Jaquelin Flores Garcia
Fulltext PDFIntroduction: Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) living with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) confront multifaceted challenges that are further compounded for LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or other gender-expansive) identifying individuals. Studies have shown higher rates of T1D in those who identify as Transgender and Gender-Diverse (TGD). TGD individuals encounter stigma and bias in healthcare settings, which may delay access to essential care. Documenting Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (SOGI) is crucial for tailored healthcare. Improved SOGI documentation has been associated with better mental health outcomes and more affirming care experiences for TGD individuals. This study investigates pronoun documentation and its associations with sociodemographic and clinical factors in AYA with T1D. Methods: A retrospective chart review at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (September 2022 to March 2024) analyzed pronoun documentation among AYA with T1D. Associations with glycemic control and sociodemographic factors were evaluated using Fisher’s exact, Welch’s t, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Results: Of 1493 AYA with T1D, 25 (1.67%) had non-matching pronouns (pronouns which did not match documented legal sex), 754 (50.50%) matched their legal sex, and 714 (47.82%) had missing pronoun data. Pronoun reporting was more common among Latine individuals, those with public insurance, those under age 21, and those who received care at the main hospital. Non-matching pronoun use was associated with increased diabetes technology use. Conclusion: Despite efforts to improve paediatric SOGI data collection, disparities in pronoun documentation persist for AYA with T1D. Enhanced documentation practices are needed to improve healthcare outcomes for TGD individuals with T1D.
Paediatrics; Sociodemographic; Healthcare; Adolescents.
Parish A, Garcia JF, Reid MW, Warus J, Miyazaki B, Raymond JK. Documented Pronouns in Adolescents and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes. Ann Pediatr Res. 2026; 9(1): 1085..