Ann Med Med Res | Volume 7, Issue 1 | Research Article | Open Access
Helvaci MR1*, Camci C1, Nisa EK2, Ersahin T3, Atabay A3, Alrawii I2, Ture Y2, Abyad A4 and Pocock L5
1Specialist of Internal Medicine, Turkey 2Manager of Writing and Statistics, Turkey 3Assistant of Emergency Medicine, Turkey 4Middle-East Academy for Medicine of Aging, Lebanon 5Medi-WORLD International, Turkey
*Correspondance to: Mehmet Rami Helvaci
Fulltext PDFBackground: The hardened red blood cells-induced capillary endothelial damage initiates at birth, and terminates with multiorgan failures even at childhood in Sickle Cell Diseases (SCDs). Methods: All patients were studied. Results: The study included 334 cases (164 females). There were 27 patients (8.0%) with tonsillectomy and 307 patients without (91.9%). The mean age and female ratio were similar in both groups (p>0.05 for all). Although smoking (11.1% vs. 14.3%), white blood cells and platelets counts of peripheric blood, thalassemia’s (51.8% vs. 66.7%), painful crises per year, digital clubbing, leg ulcers, pulmonary hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rheumatic heart disease, avascular necrosis of bone, cirrhosis, stroke, and mortality were all higher in patients without tonsillectomy, the mean hematocrit value was lower in them, but the differences were nonsignificant probably due to the small sample size of the tonsillectomy group (p>0.05 for all). Conclusion: SCDs are severe inflammatory processes on vascular endothelium particularly at the capillary level, and terminate with an accelerated atherosclerosis and end-organ failures in early years of life. There may be an inverse relationship between prevalence of tonsillectomy and severity of SCDs, and the tonsils may act as chronic inflammatory foci accelerating the chronic endothelial damage all over the body. The relatively suppressed hemoglobin S synthesis in the SCDs secondary to the associated thalassemia’s may decrease severity of sickle cell-induced chronic endothelial damage, inflammation, and edema, fibrosis, and end-organ failures. On the other hand, severity of SCDs may restrict smoking habit due to some immediately felt harmful effects on health.
Sickle cell diseases; Smoking; Thalassemia’s; Immunosuppression; Tonsillectomy; Chronic endothelial damage; Atherosclerosis
Helvaci MR, Camci C, Nisa EK, Ersahin T, Atabay A, Alrawii I, et al. Severity of Sickle Cell Diseases Restricts Smoking. Ann Med Medical Res. 2024; 7: 1074..