Am J Leuk Res | Volume 7, Issue 1 | Research Article | Open Access
C El Mahdaoui, N Khoubila, M Lamchaheb, M Qachouh, M Rachid, A Madani, N Hda, A Zeggwagh, S Cherkaoui
1Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology - Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco 2Hematology and Pediatric Oncology Department of August 20 Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco 3Hda Laboratories of Medical Biology Analysis, Casablanca, Morocco
*Correspondance to: C El Mahdaoui
Fulltext PDFIntroduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a group of heterogeneous diseases. Actually, 20% of acute leukemia cases are reported for adults against 80% for children. Several clinical, biological and therapeutic factors are essential for defining optimal treatment modalities. In children, acute lymphoblastic leukemia is known by the presence of recurrent genetic abnormalities. These abnormalities are described as specific markers which represent an important clinical aspect in the identification of significant risks. Cytogenetic analysis (karyotype along with, if necessary, adequate FISH analyzes) is an essential examination when diagnosing Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Aim: Our focus in this study is to define the cytogenetic abnormalities considering some Moroccan patients and their frequency. A comparison of the cytogenetic profiles of cancer cells with other prognostic factors is also demonstrated with the evolution of ALL. Patient and Methods: We established a descriptive study covering a period from 2014 to 2018 with an established diagnosis of ALL children and patients less than 20 years in the Hematology and Pediatric Oncology Department at the August 20 Hospital. The data concerning cytogenetic profile were collected from patients' charts and we classified cytogenetic abnormalities according to French cytogenetic guidelines. The three identified groups are favorable, intermediate and unfavorable. In the karyotype the sample containing the blasts is cultured and treated to obtain a sufficient number of mitotic cells which will be analyzed in conventional cytogenetics. The material used in this study is the bone marrow or the peripheral blood, when it contains blast cells. The Fish technique is used as a complementary test to confirm the prognosis of the ALL patients. Results: The 141 patients were collected for this study and analyzed in 2020. The karyotype was performed on 105 patients. We analyzed 75 patients with B ALL. It was normal in 33 cases (37%). A hyperdiploidy between 51 and 65 chromosomes was found in 17 cases (17%). Ten cases showed karyotype failure. 25% of karyotypes were complex. The use of molecular biology allowed the detection of MLL + gene in 4 patients, and BCR-ABL gene in 5 patients during this study. Conclusion: The management of pediatric ALL has progressed enormously in these recent years, resulting in improved patient survival. In our study we identified several cytogenetic abnormalities where the prognosis is unknown, as well as intermediate prognostic abnormalities, which encouraged us to set up a collaboration between hemato-biologists, geneticists and hematologists.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; Cytogenetic; Karyotype; Hematology; Oncology
C El Mahdaoui, N Khoubila, M Lamchaheb, M Qachouh, M Rachid, A Madani, et al. Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): A Study on 141 Patient in the Hematology and Pediatric Oncology Department at the August 20 Hospital - Morocco. Am J Leuk Res. 2024; 7(1): 1032..